Background: Adiponectin and resistin are adipocyte-derived cytokine and related to insulin resistance, inflammation and development of vascular disease. Prior reports showed that they are correlated to cardiovascular event in healthy or low-risk population. However, their prognostic importance in acute myocardial infarction (MI) is unclear. The purpose of this study was to determine the predictive value of adiponectin and resistin in patients with acute MI Methods: Adiponectin and resistin were measured in 397 consecutive patients (age: 62 짹 12 years, male: 72%) with acute MI who were enrolled in Infarction Prognosis Study. The patients were then followed up prospectively for the occurrence of all-cause mortality. Potential determinants of mortality were identified by univariate and multivariate analyses with Cox regression model. Results: Twenty-eight patients (7.1%) died during the follow up (12 짹 7 months). The survival rates for patients with the lower, middle, and upper tertile of plasma adiponectin level were 98, 94, and 87% (p=0.002 by log rank test), while those of plasma each tertile of resistin level were 94, 98, and 87% (p=0.002 by log rank test). Age, history of hypertension, mode of treatment, left ventricular systolic dysfunction, fasting plasma glucose level, plasma adiponectin and resistin levels were significantly associated with mortality in univariate analyses. Multivariate regression analyses identified three independent variables that were predictive of mortality: hypertension (OR=2.75, CI: 1.08-6.95, p=0.03), adiponectin (OR=7.40, CI: 1.69-32.3, p=0.01), resistin (OR=2.45, CI: 0.95-6.34, p=0.02). Conclusions: In patients with acute MI, plasma adiponectin and resistin levels are predictive of mortality, independent of other risk factors. In particular, high adiponectin level showed positive correlation to mortality in this population.