Background: Circumferential pulmonary vein ablation (CPVA) to cure atrial fibrillation (AF) is sometimes followed by early recurrence of atrial premature beats (APB) and AF within 1 week. However, the long-term clinical outcome of early recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias (ERAT) after CPVA has not been defined. Methods: 278 consecutive patients (mean age 53.6짹10.5 years, M:F=235:43, paroxysmal AF (PAF):persistent AF (PeAF)=188:90) who underwent radiofrequency CPVA alone or CPVA combined with linear ablation were studied. We defined early relapse as the recurrence of atrial tachyarrhythmias including APBs, atrial tachycardia (AT), and AF detected by telemetry monitoring during admission period after CPVA. Results: ERAT occurred in 109 of 278 (39.2%) at a mean of 4.3짹2.6 days after the procedure. During 13.1짹9.3 months of follow-up, 142 of the 169 patients without ERAT (84%) and 84 of the 109 patients with ERAT (77.1%) were free of recurrent AF (p=0.146). Antiarrhythmic drugs were prescribed to the patients with ERAT (49.5%) vs. those without ERAT (17.2%, p<0.01). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed the recurrence rate of AF was significantly higher in patients with ERAF than those without any ERAT (p=0.015), but long-term freedom from recurrent AF was not significantly different between in patients with and without ERAT (p=0.37).Conclusion: Early relapses of AF are associated with a higher long-term AF recurrence rate than in patients without ERAF. However, ERAT including APB and AT after CPVA had less predictive value of AF recurrence.