Background and Aim Though the presence of metabolic syndrome is suggested to increase risk of target organ damage in hypertension, the prevalence and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients have not been fully investigated yet. In this study, the ten years´ trends of the prevalence, clinical characteristics, and the risk factors of metabolic syndrome among hypertensive population were serially evaluated by analyzing the first to fourth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES) performed in 1998-2007.
Method Data from a comprehensive questionnaire, together with a physical examination and blood sample, were obtained from the first to the fourth KNHANES data. Metabolic syndrome is defined following NCEP-ATP III guideline with waist circumference adjusted for the Asian population.
Results The estimated age-adjusted prevalence of metabolic syndrome in prehypertensive population was about 26%, and the prevalence was doubled in hypertensive population, reaching more than 60%, which was more than ten times higher than 5.0% of the normotensive general population. Moreover, the prevalence of the metabolic syndrome was continuously increased among hypertensive population despite slightly reduction in general population through the first to the fourth KNHANES. Female hypertensive patients were more combined metabolic syndrome than males : 58.6% in males and 61.6% in females. While the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in females rapidly increases after menopause, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome continuously increases from the second decades as well as during ten years' interval in male hypertensive population. The most common component of metabolic syndrome other than hypertension was low HDL-cholesterol followed by high triglyceride, high fasting glucose and abdominal obesity. In hypertensive population, low HDL shows same degree of predictability as abdominal obesity and high triglyceride. The prevalence of metabolic syndrome is increased correlated with obesity and aging. In multivariate analysis, high body mass index, menopause, aging, smoking and alcohol drinking appear to be risk factors for metabolic syndrome combination.
Conclusion Presence of metabolic syndrome in hypertensive patients implies different clinical characteristics. To investigate the status of metabolic syndrome component in hypertensive patient evaluation could help establishing more effective management strategy for overall risk control.
Key word Hypertension, metabolic syndrome
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