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Prevalence and patterns of transient left ventricular dysfunction in pheochromocytoma patients
충남대학교 의전원, 충남 대학교 병원 심장내과, 대전충남권역심뇌혈관센터
김규섭, 박재형, 박용규, 신성균, 진선아, 정일순, 박윤선, 김연주, 이인숙, 김준형, 이재환, 최시완, 정진옥, 성인환
Background: Pheochromocytomas are rare catecholamine-secreting tumors. Excessive catecholamine release is known to cause transient reversible cardiomyopathy, such as in the case of pheochromocytoma-associated catecholamine cardiomyopathy. There are many sporadic case reports detailing catecholamine cardiomyopathy; however, to the best of our knowledge, there are no known reports documenting the incidence of cardiomyopathy in patients with pheochromocytoma. Thus we chose to investigate patterns of clinical presentation and incidence of catecholamine cardiomyopathy in this subset of patients. Materials and Methods: From January 2004 to May 2010, consecutive patients with pheochromocytoma were retrospectively enrolled in our study. We investigated clinical symptoms, serum catecholamine profiles, and radiologic findings, including computerized tomography (CT) along with a review of medical records. Patterns of electrocardiography and echocardiography were also analyzed. Results: During the study period, a total of 31 patients with pheochromocytoma were enrolled. All patients underwent electrocardiographic examination. Normal findings were the most common (14, 45.2%). Left ventricular (LV) hypertrophy was found in 11 cases (35.5%), sinus tachycardia (>100/min) in 4 (12.9%) and 3 (9.7%) others included 2 nonspecific ST segment changes and 1 case of supraventricular tachycardia. Echocardiographic exam was not done in 9 patients who had no clinical symptoms or electrocardiographic abnormality. Of the remaining 22 patients, 3 showed transient LV dysfunction (2 with inverted Takotsubo-type cardiomyopathy and 1 with a diffuse hypokinesia pattern). Common presenting symptoms in the 3 cases were new onset chest discomfort and dyspnea which were not common in the other patients. Electrocardiographic examinations demonstrated sinus tachycardia without evidence of ST segment change. All 3 patients were admitted to the emergency department and cared for in the intensive care unit. Their echocardiographic abnormalities were normalized with conventional treatment within 3 days. Conclusion: Out of total 31 patients with pheochromocytoma, 3 showed transient LV systolic dysfunction (catecholamine cardiomyopathy associated with pheochromocytoma). Inverted Takotsubo echocardiographic patterns were found in 2 cases and 1 patient had diffuse LV hypokinesia.


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