Both optical coherence tomography (OCT) and intravascular ultrasound (IVUS) are the current diagnostic modality to evaluate neointimal hyperplasia (NIH) after coronary stenting. Qualitative assessment of NIH may have significance besides quantitative one. The aim of this study was to compare the tissue characteristics of NIH assessed by OCT and IVUS in patients after drug-eluting stent (DES) implantation. A total of 243 patients (250 stented lesions) with concurrent IVUS performed after DES implantation were enrolled. Mean time interval from DES implantation to OCT/IVUS was 12.0 짹 9.3 months. On the receiver-operating characteristic curve analysis, the optimal cut-off value for detection of mean NIH area by IVUS was 14.72% with sensitivity of 0.887 and specificity of 0.790. NIH could be detected both by OCT and IVUS in 120 patients (121 stented lesions). Comparison of NIH tissue characteristics between OCT and IVUS was done in these patients. Cramer���s V nominal correlation demonstrated positive correlation of tissue characteristics of NIH between OCT and IVUS with statistical significance (p<0.0001, r=0.455). On subgroup analysis, Cramer's V coefficient for group 1, group 2, and group 3 was 0.698, 0.564, and 0.418, with p-value of <0.0001, <0.0001, and 0.003, respectively, which suggests that the correspondence of NIH tissue characteristics tend to have inverse relationship with the degree of mean NIH area. In conclusion, OCT and IVUS had high correspondence for evaluating the tissue characteristics of NIH after DES implantation, in terms of qualitative assessment.