Backgrounds: Aortic stiffness have been demonstrated as an independent risk marker for development and prognosis of coronary artery disease. We hypothesized that short term rosuvastatin treatment can reduce aortic stiffness in patients with hypercholestoremia. Methods: Thirty three hypercholesterolemic [total cholesterol ��� 230mg/dL, age: 51.4짹8.8 years, male: 14 (42.4%)] patients were prospectively given rosuvastatin 10mg daily during 2 months. Brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (baPWV), lipid profiles, hsCRP, metabolic parameters (fasting blood glucose, insulin and insulin sensitivity measured by quantitative insulin-sensitivity check index (QUICKI)) were measured at baseline and follow-up. Results: Subjects had no history of hypertension, diabetes mellitus and taking any antihypertensive and lipid lowering agents. During study period, only rosuvastatin are prescribed to subjects for exclusion of other drug effects. Systolic blood pressure did not change significantly at baseline and follow up (121.8 짹11.6 vs. 126.3짹52.4 mmHg, p=0.59). Rosuvastatin significantly reduced diastolic blood pressure (77.8짹9.0 vs. 74.1짹7.8 mmHg, p<0.05) and heart rate (71.4짹11.9 vs. 67.9짹9.4 rates/min, p<0.05). Rosuvastatin significantly reduced total cholesterol, triglyceride, HDL cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and hsCRP relative to baseline measurements (257.9짹21.1 vs. 164.5짹25.1 mg/dL; 141.0 [99.5, 220.0] vs. 109.0 [88.5, 147.5] mg/dL; 54.7짹12.1 vs. 51.2짹8.6 mg/dL; 168.4짹28.5 vs. 88.7짹22.5 mg/dL; (0.6 [0.0.2-2.1] vs. 0.6 [0.3-1.0] mg/L, respectively, all p< 0.05). Fasting blood glucose, insulin and QUICKI did not change significantly after therapy. Of interest, baPWV was significantly reduced after rosuvastatin therapy (1386.7짹200.1 vs. 1328.2짹165.0 cm/sec, p=0.003) and ankle brachial index did not changed significantly (1.12짹0.06 vs. 1.13짹0.06, p=0.43). The changes of baPWV was only significantly correlated with the changes of diastolic blood pressure and heart rate (r=0.41, p<0.05, r=0.49, p<0.05, respectively). The independent factors for the changes of baPWV were the changes of heart rate (beta 0.31 95% CI [0.13-0.49], p=0.003), the changes of total cholesterol (beta 1.76, 95% CI [0.76-2.76], p=0.003), the changes of LDL cholesterol (beta -1.21, 95% CI [-1.90—0.52], p=0.003) and the changes of fasting insulin (beta -0.05, 95% CI [-0.13-0.07], p=0.42) by multivariate linear regression analysis. Conclusions:Relative short term rosuvastatin treatment in hypercholesterolemic patients can reduce aortic stiffness by favorable hemodynamic change, lipid and metabolic parameters.