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What happen to myocardial rotation and torsion in elite athlete's heart? - 2D speckle tracking imaging in elite soccer players
관동대학교 의과대학 명지병원 심장혈관센터
은영민, 조덕규, 조윤형, 황의석, 고종훈, 변기현
Background : Myocardial contraction develops systolic increase in left ventricular radial, circumferential, and longitudinal strain, with enlarged chambers and wall thickness. However, those influences have not clarified cardiac rotation and torsion in elite athletes. Methods : We used 2D echocardiography speckle tracking imaging (STI) to evaluate LV regional strain in elite soccer players compared to age-matched healthy controls. 29 elite soccer players and 22 healthy controls underwent conventional, tissue Doppler, and STI echocardiography at rest. We evaluated conventional Doppler measurements, and radial, circumferential strain at base and apex, longitudinal strain at four and two chamber views. The rotation data were measured at base and apex respectively by 2D STI, and the torsion was calculated. Results : Although there is no difference in longitudinal strain (-17.6 ±1.8 vs -17.3 ± 2.9, p=ns), and basal strain (Table 1), there are significant differences in apical radial strain (33.1 ± 20.5 vs 22.5 ±19.4, p=0.02), and apical circumferential strain (-21.4 ± 4.8 vs -16.8 ±7.6, p=0.005)(Table 1). Meanwhile, there is no statistical significance in apical rotation, but larger basal rotation in athletes (-3.9 ± 1.9 vs -2.6 ±3.2, p=0.03)(Table 2). However, torsion calculation did not demonstrate the difference between athletes and controls (Table2). Conclusion : These elite soccer players’ heart demonstrated unique ventricular adaptation including higher apical radial and circumferential strain without difference in apical rotation. However, the basal rotation is higher in athletes without basal strain differences. These alterations could benefit the cardiovascular adjustment to exercise without much change of torsion. This would be helpful for myocardial energy preservation in athletes' heart.

Table1. Radial and Circumferential Strain Comparison between Athletes and Conrols

 

Elite Soccer Player

Healthy Control

P value

Base Rad* Strain

40.8 ± 10.7

40.8 ± 23.7

ns

Base Circ# Strain

-17.5 ± 2.6

-15.5 ± 8.9

ns

Apex Rad* Strain

33.1 ± 20.5

22.5 ± 19.4

0.02

Apex Circ# Strain

-21.4 ± 4.78

-16.8± 7.56

0.005

Rad* : radial,  Circ# : circumferential

 

Table 2. Rotation and Torsion Measurements by 2D Speckle Tracking Imaging

 

Elite Soccer Player

Healthy Control

P value

Base Rotation

-3.91 ± 1.89

-3.91 ± 1.89

0.03

Apex Rotation

6.88 ± 2.62

6.31 ± 3.81

ns

Torsion

10.78 ± 3.7

10.65 ± 5.3

ns



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