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The electrocardiographic predictors of bradycardia-induced Torsades de Pointes in patients with acquired atrioventricular block
서울아산병원 심장내과¹
조민수¹ , 장선주¹ , 김용균¹ , 김유리¹ ,황기원¹ ,최형오¹ ,김성환¹ ,남기병¹ ,최기준¹ ,김유호¹
BACKGROUND Although Torsades de pointes (TDP) is a well known fatal complication of long QT syndrome (LQTS), predictors of TDP in bradyarrhythmia-induced LQTS have not been well defined. We sought to find the electrocardiographic predictors of TDP inpatients with acquired atrioventricular block and QT prolongation. METHODS We analyzed 12-lead electrocardiogram (ECG) of 11 patients who had atrioventricular block (AVB) and experienced episodes of TDP. The ECG repolarization parameters of TdP patients were compared with those of 44 age- and sex- matched controls. RESULTS From 2004 to 2010, a total of 11 patients experienced TDP during AVB. Most of the patients were female (81% [9/11]) and the mean age was 66.6 years old. TDP was initiated by PVCs with short-long-short sequence of activation in 7of 11 patients. The average cycle length of the long sequence was 2.2±0.3 times longer than the cycle length of short sequence. Patients with TDP showed a significantly longer QTc interval (591.9±42.5 vs. 461.1±72.2, p= 0.001) compared with those without TdP. The best cut-off value of QTc interval for prediction of TdP was 540ms (91% sensitivity, 84% specificity, and AUC=0.932, 95% CI = 0.830 to 0.982, p<0.001). In morphology analysis, patients with TDP showed higher prevalence of notched T wave (100% [11/11] vs. 25% [11/44], p=0.001) and T wave alternans (36.4% [4/11] vs. 0% [0/44], p=0.001). Presence of notched T wave in any lead was most sensitive predictor with sensitivity of 100% and specificity of 75%. Presence of macroscopic T wave alternans was most specific predictor with sensitivity of 36.4% and specificity of 100% CONCLUSIONS Analysis of ECG repolarization parameters may be useful to define the high risk group of TDP in patients with acquired long QT syndrome.


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