Background: The significance of anemia in patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) treated with percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) remains controversial. We evaluated the effect of anemia on the angiographic and clinical outcomes of patients with AMI treated with PCI.Methods : A total of 881 consecutive patients with AMI treated with PCI were analyzed between 2004 and 2010. Anemia was defined using World Health Organization criteria (hemoglobin level <13 g/dL for men and <12 g/dL for women). The study population was divided into two groups:anemia group (n=349) and non anemia group (n=532). Results: Baseline clinical characteristics showed that anemia group had more hypertension (65.5% vs 51.9%, p<0.001), diabetes mellitus (32.7% vs 22.4%, p<0.001), congestive heart failure (22.6% vs 15.4%, p<0.001), and non ST elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI, 47.3% vs 39.7%, p=0.001) than non anemia group.Six-month routine follow-up angiographic outcomes were similar between the two groups. However, anemia group had higher incidence of major in-hospital outcomes including total death and cardiac death than those of control group. Further, anemia group showed higher cumulative incidence of total death, cardiac death, target lesion revascularization major adverse cardiac events (TLR-MACEs), and target vessel revascularization major adverse cardiac events (TVR-MACEs), up to 2 years than those of non anemia group (Table 1). Multivariate analysis showed anemia was an independent predictor of mortality up to 2 years (Adjusted OR 3.78, CI 2.19-6.52, p<0.001).Conclusions: In conclusion, anemia on admission in patients with AMI treated in the acute phase with primary PCI was independently associated with increasing short- and long-term cardiac death and mortality.