Background: Both left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria are well described cardiovascular marker or surrogate for cardiovascular outcome. Many factors are known to be related to the two markers and they are encountered together in some patients. But the epidemiological backgrounds for the two markers are not clearly demonstrated so far. Methods: Measurements of echocardiographic left ventricular mass index(LVMI) and microalbuminuria were introduced to the population cardiovascular survey in YangPyung County, Gyunggi, Korea in 2005 and 2006 for 1767 among 2028 subject. 131 subjects met exclusion criteria were excluded so that 1636 data were analyzed. The criteria for microalbumnuria were 17-250 mg/g of albumin creatinine ratio(ACR) in male and 25-355 mg/g in female. Results: Age was 60.9 짹 10.4 yr and the proportion of female was 59.4%(972). Body mass index was 24.7 짹 3.21 kg/m² and blood pressure were 124.1 짹 17.3 mmHg in systole and 80.0 짹 10.5 mmHg in diastole. LVMI was 45.3 짹 11.6 g/m^2.7 and ACR was 23.9 짹 150.9 mg/g. Prevalence of LVH and microalbuminuria were 23.5% and 12.2 %, respectively. Odd ratios for LVH were 2.16 for age > 65, 1.49 for female, 2.92 for hypertension, and 2.15 for obesity. Odd ratios for microalbuminuria were 1.41 for age > 65, 1,79 for hypertension, 2.25 for diabetes, and 1.49 for hypertriglyceridemia. Conclusion: In a population level, age and hypertension are common denominators for LVH and microalbuminuria. Obesity and female gender are related to LVH. In contrast, diabetes and hypertriglyceridemia are related to microalbuminuria.